The Doctrines of the Resurrection According to the New Testament

The doctrine of the resurrection of the body is a teaching peculiar to the Christian religion. We need only to investigate the world\u27s religious history in order to be convinced that all other religions know nothing about such a resurrection

Measurement of line widths and permanent electric dipole moment change of the Ce 4f-5d transition in Y_2SiO_5 for a qubit readout scheme in rare-earth ion based quantum computing

In this work the inhomogeneous (zero-phonon line) and homogeneous line widths, and one projection of the permanent electric dipole moment change for the Ce 4f-5d transition in Y_2SiO_5 were measured in order to investigate the possibility for using Ce as a sensor to detect the hyperfine state of a spatially close-lying Pr or Eu ion. The experiments were carried out on Ce doped or Ce-Pr co-doped single Y_2SiO_5 crystals. The homogeneous line width was measured to be about 3 MHz, which is essentially limited by the excited state lifetime. Based on the line width measurements, the oscillator strength, absorption cross section and saturation intensity were calculated to be about 9*10^-7, 5*10^-19 m^2 and 1*10^7 W/m^2, respectively. One projection of the difference in permanent dipole moment, Delt_miu_Ce, between the ground and excited states of the Ce ion was measured as 6.3 * 10^-30 C*m, which is about 26 times as large as that of Pr ions. The measurements done on Ce ions indicate that the Ce ion is a promising candidate to be used as a probe to read out a single qubit ion state for the quantum computing using rare-earth ions.Comment: 9 figures, 8 page

Thesis: Relation Between Eschatology and Jesus\u27 Ethics

Speculations on the final destiny of man and of the world have busied wise man\u27s minds of many ages. Although findings on the future life no longer captivate our thoughts as during the Middle Ages, yet they are still a by no means neglected part of almost every man\u27s theology. The change that we label by the common term death appears to be universally imposed upon mankind. To be aware of the approaching end of life-as-it-is stimulates many of us to probe the hereafter. That search and its fruits become an integral part of our theology. Has this fact of death always caused similar eschatological adventures? As long as man has been man, & conscious being, it has, the psychologists might answer. But our immediate phase of the problem is a historical one. It is the task of discovering whether or not eschatology had relationship with Jesus\u27 ethics. Was Jesus\u27 ethics influenced by eschatological views held either by his contemporaries or by himself? Before entering upon this problem a word of explanation is needed concerning the method employed. Too frequently amateur historians err by using their own life background as the environment into which they place characters of a past age. Jesus has been especially mistreated because students enter upon an examination of his life with prejudices and even formed conclusions. And then by studying a few of his words and a few of his actions decide that they have seen the historic Jesus

Termite Gut Microbes as Tools and Targets for Termite Control

The Formosan subterranean termite (FST), Coptotermes formosanus, is an invasive urban pest in the United States. Colonies of the FST are dependent on the symbiotic gut protozoa for cellulose digestion in the workers’ guts, and the gut bacterial community is known to provide essential nutrients to the termite. The objectives of this PhD research were to develop and evaluate paratransgenesis and phage therapy for termite control. During this study, a termite gut bacterium: Trabulsiella odontotermitis was genetically engineered and was evaluated as a ‘Trojan horse’ for paratransgenesis. We proved that T. odontotermitis can tolerate 50 times more concentration of ligand-Hecate than the concentration required to kill the gut protozoa. We also engineered T. odontotermitis to express Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) and visualized the expression of GFP in the termite gut. We created a strain of T. odontotermitis expressing kanamycin-resistant gene using tn7 transposon. We used this strain to prove that once ingested, T. odontotermitis can stay in the termite gut for at least three weeks and it is horizontally transferred amongst nest mates. We also engineered T. odontotermitis to express functional ligand-Hecate-GFP fusion protein. Removal of the bacterial community from the gut also has a negative impact on the survival of the termites. The presence of a diverse and rich bacterial community makes the termite gut a perfect niche for bacteriophages; viruses that infect bacteria. So far, there has been no research to study the presence and role of bacteriophages in the gut of the termite. Bacteriophages have the potential to be used in ‘Phage therapy’ targeting the essential termite gut bacteria. During this study three novel bacteriophages were isolated and sequenced from the termite gut. A meta-virome sequencing of the termite gut was also done, which revealed the presence of previously unknown bacteriophages and other viruses associated with the termites. This is the first study elucidating the presence of a diverse and largely unexplored bacteriophage community in the termite gut. The study suggests that termites can serve as a model system to study the effect of bacteriophages on bacteria and ultimately on the host harboring the microbial community

DISTRIBUTION OF ELATERIDAE AND TIPULIDAE PEST SPECIES IN AN AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE

Wireworms and leatherjackets, the larvae of click beetles (Agriotes spp) and crane flies (Tipula spp) respectively, are subterranean pests of grass, cereals and vegetables and are present throughout the UK and Europe. Soil cores, pheromone traps and water traps were used to measure populations. The populations of larvae were compared to those of adults. Leatherjackets and crane flies were found to be correlated, as were A. obscurus click beetle and wireworm populations. Annual variation in trap catches was observed. Populations were related at a number of spatial scales to cultural, physical and chemical variables. Spatial structure of populations was identified at all scales (sub field, field and landscape) using SADIE analysis, Moran's I and Taylor's Power Law, but the presence or absence of discernable spatial structure was dependant on species, population and annual variation. Environmental variables were linked to populations using multiple regression; the most common variable for all species were the number of years in grass, but the populations of each species and life stage were defined by its own set of variables. Important population defining variables were assessed as potential organically compliant cultural pest control methods. These included rolling, cultivation and crop rotation, but none could be definitively recommended as control methods without further work. In addition, pheromone traps for click beetles were characterised, it was found that the three species of click beetles had differential speeds of travel and the traps had differing effective ranges. A. lineatus were found to travel the fastest, A. obscurus slower and A. sputator travelled slowest. The maximum sampling range (over 30 days) was greatest for A. lineatus, less for A. obscurus and least for A. sputator

Basalt derived from highly refractory mantle sources during early Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc development

The magmatic character of early subduction zone and arc development is unlike mature systems. Low-Ti-K tholeiitic basalts and boninites dominate the early Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) system. Basalts recovered from the Amami Sankaku Basin (ASB), underlying and located west of the IBM’s oldest remnant arc, erupted at ~49 Ma. This was 3 million years after subduction inception (51-52 Ma) represented by forearc basalt (FAB), at the tipping point between FAB-boninite and typical arc magmatism. We show ASB basalts are low-Ti-K, aluminous spinel-bearing tholeiites, distinct compared to mid-ocean ridge (MOR), backarc basin, island arc or ocean island basalts. Their upper mantle source was hot, reduced, refractory peridotite, indicating prior melt extraction. ASB basalts transferred rapidly from pressures (~0.7-2 GPa) at the plagioclase-spinel peridotite facies boundary to the surface. Vestiges of a polybaric-polythermal mineralogy are preserved in this basalt, and were not obliterated during persistent recharge-mix-tap-fractionate regimes typical of MOR or mature arcs

Geochronology of salt-marsh sediments

Salt-marsh sediments can provide important achives of past sea levels if they can be securely dated. This thesis investigates eight methods for dating salt-marsh sediments. These include traditional and established dating methods (¹⁴C dating and the radionuclides ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹ºPb) and more novel approaches to dating the deposition of salt-marsh sediments (palaeomagnetic dating, the use of' atmospheric stable lead deposition, tephra chronologies, pollen markers, SCP analysis and the use of atmospheric ¹⁴C 'bomb spike' and high-precision AMS ¹⁴C measurements). Sites were selected to provide contrasting sediment sequences that differed both in lithology and accumulation rates and included salt marshes from the Taf estuary (southwest Wales), the Arne Peninsula (southern England) and Vioarholmi (western Iceland). The investigations in the Taf estuary produced the first palaeomagnetic chronology from a salt marsh. From the Arne Peninsula this thesis reports the first successful use of bomb-spike calibrated ¹⁴C analyses in a salt marsh as well as high-precision AMS ¹⁴C ages for the 'problem' period AD 1700-1950. Stable Pb analysis at all three sites produced a number of chronological markers that signalled the timing of increases in industrial Pb emissions, and the later use of Pb petrol additives during the 20th century. In addition, a unique isotopic signal, attributed to the working of Pb metal during the height of the Roman Empire in Europe, was found in the Icelandic sediments. The radionuclides ²¹ºPb and ¹³⁷Cs produced precise chronologies for the last 100 yr in the Taf estuary. However, post-depositional mobility of ¹³⁷Cs on the Arne Peninsula and low ²¹ºPb concentrations at Vioarholmi prevents the construction of reliable ²¹ºPb and ¹³⁷Cs chronologies. In contrast, the use of tephra at Vioarholmi, and pollen and spheroidal carbonaceous particle markers on the Arne Peninsula, showed great potential as independent unique-event dating tools that could be used to constrain conventional ¹⁴C calibrations. Finally, the chronological information produced by all the individual methods was combined to construct an integrated chronology for each site. This approach significantly reduced age uncertainties and produced higher resolution, and more robust, salt-marsh sedimentation historie

Discovery of Biotite-Bearing Schists Blocks in the Garnet Zone of the Sambagawa Belt of the Asemi District: an Evidence of Tectonic Erosion of Hanging Wall Rocks by Subducting Sediments

Biotite-bearing schists have been discovered in the garnet zone (Fuyunose nappe) of the Sambagawa belt of the Asemi district, central Shikoku, which is covered by the biotite zone (Saruta nappe II and Saruta nappe I). The biotite-bearing schists (subunit II schists of the Fuyunose nappe) are pelitic schists, siliceous schists and basic schists and have plagioclase porphyroblasts, which crystallized during the prograde phase of metamorphism, like the case of the Saruta nappe (I +II) schists. They occur as lenses in the biotite-free schists (subunit I schists of the Fuyunose nappe) which have plagioclase porphyroblasts of the rerograde phase. Amphibole, which crystallized in hematite-bearing basic schists of the subunit I of the Fuyunose nappe during the peak metamorphism, is glaucophane. Biotite of the subunit II schists is commonly found only in plagioclase porphyroblasts, and the inclusion biotite in hematite-bearing siliceous schists of the subunit II occurs together with barroisite, katophorite and taramite. Barroisite of the subunit II schists, which crystallized together with biotite, have distinctly lower values of NaB content than that of the prograde phase of the Saruta nappe (I +II) schists (biotite zone schists) and than that of the retrograde phase of the subunit ( I +II ) schists, showing that the subunit II schists were derived from shallow tectonic positions of subduction zone. The subunit II schists had already been intermingled with the subunit I schists when the peak metamorphism of the latter had begun. It has been concluded in this paper that the origin of the subunit II schists is ascribed to the tectonic erosion and subduction of the hanging wall rocks [probably low pressure parts of the Saruta nappe ( I +II ) schists] of the subduction zone during the subduction of the original sediments for the subunit I schists,which induced great decrease of temperature along the subduction channel

The oil shales of Tasmania

The name of the discoverer of oil shale in Tasmania was not recorded in the annals of that time: The earliest account appears in the "Papers and Proceedings-of the Royal Society of Van Diemen's Land" in a paper read by J. Milligan in the year 1851. It was the original purpose of the writer to deal with the two types of shale, namely, tasmanite and the so-called torbanites or kerosene shales, but as the subject assumed such large proportions it was decided to confine attention to tasmanite only. number of companies hold shale interests in Tasmania today, one of which, the Australian Shale Oil Company, has erected a very large plant, and has opened another area for mining. It is expected that the plant will be put into operation this month. Investigation shows that the shales are found in disconnected basins situated in the north and north-central parts of Tasmania, associated with kerogenite and humickerogenite coals. The most important is that extending from Latrobe to Quamby Bluff and Chudleigh. The first question for consideration is whether it is advisable to market the fuel oil portion as such, or whether it is advantageous to crack the fuel oil into benzine and tar. Tests have shown that the straight-run benzine and the cracked fuel oil derived from tasmanite contain oils of the aromatic series, and that the benzine so produced has proved an excellent motor fuel